What Research Tells Us About Occupational Cancer in Firefighters
Firefighting is undeniably dangerous—but the risks don’t end when the flames are out. A growing body of evidence is shedding light on the occupational health risks firefighters face long after an incident, particularly when it comes to occupational cancer.
A study presents an extended follow-up of the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) Study, focusing on cancer incidence among Swedish firefighters. The study adds to a global conversation about the long-term health effects associated with firefighting and the importance of ongoing health surveillance.
Key Findings: Elevated Risk of Skin Cancer
The study analysed cancer incidence in nearly 9,000 male Swedish firefighters across several decades. One of the most notable findings was a possible increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer compared to the general population.
While previous studies have suggested links between firefighting and various types of cancer—such as testicular, prostate, and mesothelioma—this study’s unique contribution lies in its extended timeline and national registry-based methodology.
Can These Findings Be Applied in Australia?
The results are certainly relevant, but there are some limitations in applying them directly to the Australian context. Several variables may influence occupational cancer risks across countries, including:
- Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) regulations
- Firefighting methods and equipment
- Personal protective equipment (PPE) standards and usage
- Workplace culture and reporting
- Extent and frequency of health surveillance
Australia’s climate and fire conditions also differ significantly from Sweden’s, potentially introducing different exposures and patterns of risk.
Why Firefighter Health Surveillance Matters
Despite these limitations, the takeaway for Australian employers and health professionals is clear: firefighters face elevated health risks that deserve proactive monitoring and intervention.
Firefighters are routinely exposed to:
- Carcinogenic chemicals in smoke and soot
- Diesel exhaust from equipment and vehicles
- Hazardous substances, including asbestos
- Intense heat and UV radiation
- Psychological stress and sleep disruption
Regular occupational health assessments are critical to identify early signs of illness, track exposure-related conditions, and reduce long-term harm.
Our Role in Supporting Firefighter Health
At Phoenix Occupational Medicine, our Occupational and Environmental Physicians (OEPs) are experienced in working with high-risk occupations, including emergency services.
We provide:
- Tailored health risk assessments for firefighters
- Design of ongoing health surveillance programs
- Advice on workplace exposure controls
- Expertise in interpreting research like the NOCCA study and applying it locally
If you are reviewing your workforce’s health monitoring strategy—or starting from scratch—we’re here to help you navigate the science and design evidence-based, compliant solutions. Get in touch with Phoenix Occupational Medicine today.
Learn More About the NOCCA Study
You can read the full research article via the International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health here.
