Antibiotics have revolutionised modern medicine, helping to treat bacterial infections and save millions of lives. However, their widespread misuse and overuse have led to a significant public health challenge: antibiotic resistance. In Australia, antibiotics are commonly prescribed for conditions that do not require them, accelerating the development of resistant bacteria. This means that infections that were once easily treatable may no longer respond to standard medications.
Every November, AMR Awareness week highlights the importance of responsible antibiotic use, but this is an issue that extends beyond a single week. Understanding how antibiotics work, when they are necessary, and how to prevent infections in the first place can help protect both personal and public health.
Why Antibiotic Overuse is a Problem
Antibiotics are designed to fight bacterial infections, but they do not work against viral illnesses such as the flu, the common cold, most sore throats, or ear infections. Despite this, many people still expect or request antibiotics when they feel unwell, even when their condition is viral in nature.
Taking antibiotics when they aren’t needed provides no health benefits and can lead to unwanted side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. More importantly, overusing antibiotics encourages the growth of resistant bacteria, making infections more difficult—and sometimes impossible—to treat.
Key Facts About Antibiotic Use:
- Antibiotics do not kill viruses—they only work against bacterial infections.
- Most colds, flu, and sore throats are caused by viruses, meaning antibiotics will not help.
- Mild bacterial infections often resolve on their own with rest, hydration, and symptom management.
- Taking antibiotics unnecessarily will not speed up recovery and can expose you to unnecessary side effects.
- Antibiotic resistance makes infections harder to treat, potentially leading to prolonged illness, hospitalisations, and even death.
- Resistant bacteria can spread between people, increasing the risk of untreatable infections in workplaces, hospitals, and communities.
What This Means for Workplace Health
Antibiotic resistance is not just a healthcare issue – it affects workplaces as well. When employees take unnecessary antibiotics, they contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria. Sick employees who continue working while unwell also risk spreading infections to colleagues, leading to higher absenteeism and reduced productivity.
Employers and employees alike have a role to play in minimising the spread of infections and reducing reliance on antibiotics. By implementing simple workplace health measures, businesses can help create safer environments while protecting the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.
How to Prevent the Spread of Infections at Work
- Stay home when unwell—working through an illness may seem productive, but it can prolong recovery and spread germs to coworkers.
- Practice proper hand hygiene—frequent handwashing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer can significantly reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses.
- Maintain a clean workspace—regularly disinfecting shared surfaces such as desks, keyboards, and doorknobs can prevent the transmission of germs.
- Keep up to date with vaccinations—immunizations, such as the annual flu shot, help prevent infections that could otherwise lead to unnecessary antibiotic use.
- Do not share antibiotics—never take leftover antibiotics or medications prescribed for someone else.
When to See a Doctor
While most viral infections improve on their own with rest, there are times when medical attention is necessary. Seeking professional care can help determine whether antibiotics are required or if other treatments would be more effective.
You should see a doctor if:
- You have a persistent high fever (above 39.4°C) lasting more than three days.
- Your cold symptoms worsen significantly, including a severe cough lasting more than two weeks, difficulty breathing, or chest pain.
- You cannot keep food or water down due to vomiting or severe nausea.
- You experience severe abdominal or pelvic pain.
Even if you visit a doctor, it does not mean you will automatically be prescribed antibiotics. Healthcare providers assess symptoms carefully to determine whether an infection is bacterial or viral before recommending treatment. If antibiotics are not necessary, your doctor may advise on other ways to manage your symptoms and recover safely.
Antibiotics and Self-Care: A Smarter Approach
The best way to combat antibiotic resistance is to prevent infections in the first place. Taking steps to strengthen your immune system, practicing good hygiene, and knowing when to seek medical care can all contribute to healthier workplaces and communities.
Tips for Strengthening Your Immune System
- Get enough sleep—adequate rest supports the body’s natural defenses against illness.
- Eat a balanced diet—nutrient-rich foods help the immune system function at its best.
- Stay hydrated—drinking enough water helps the body flush out toxins and fight infections.
- Exercise regularly—physical activity boosts circulation and strengthens immune responses.
- Manage stress—chronic stress weakens the immune system, making you more vulnerable to illness.
By making informed decisions about antibiotic use and prioritising preventive health measures, individuals and businesses can help slow the spread of resistant bacteria. This ensures that antibiotics remain effective for those who truly need them, safeguarding public health for years to come.
If you’d like more information on antibiotics and the risks associated with overuse, contact Phoenix Occupational Medicine.
